Welcome to C#
Introduction to the C# Language :
C# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that
enables developers to build a variety of secure and robust applications that
run on the .NET Framework.
You can use C# to create Windows client
applications, XML Web services, distributed components, client-server
applications, database applications, and much, much more. Visual C# provides an
advanced code editor, convenient user interface designers, integrated debugger,
and many other tools to make it easier to develop applications based on the C#
language and the .NET Framework.
The .Net Framework
The .NET Framework consists of the Common Language Runtime (CLR)
and the .NET Framework class library .
The CLR is the foundation of the .NET Framework .It manage code accuracy ,and many other aspects of your code.
The class library is a collection of classes, interface,and value types of common programming tasks such as data collection ,file access, and working with text.
C# programs use the >NET Framework class library extensively to do common tasks and provide various functionalities.
C# programs run on the .NET Framework, an integral component of
Windows that includes a virtual execution system called the common language
runtime (CLR) and a unified set of class libraries. The CLR is the commercial
implementation by Microsoft of the common language infrastructure (CLI), an
international standard that is the basis for creating execution and development
environments in which languages and libraries work together seamlessly.
Source code written in C# is compiled into an intermediate
language (IL) that conforms to the CLI specification. The IL code and resources,
such as bitmaps and strings, are stored on disk in an executable file called an
assembly, typically with an extension of .exe or .dll. An assembly contains a
manifest that provides information about the assembly's types, version,
culture, and security requirements.
When the C# program is executed, the assembly is loaded into the
CLR, which might take various actions based on the information in the manifest.
Then, if the security requirements are met, the CLR performs just in time (JIT)
compilation to convert the IL code to native machine instructions. The CLR also
provides other services related to automatic garbage collection, exception
handling, and resource management. Code that is executed by the CLR is
sometimes referred to as "managed code," in contrast to
"unmanaged code" which is compiled into native machine language that
targets a specific system. The following diagram illustrates the compile-time
and run-time relationships of C# source code files, the .NET Framework class
libraries, assemblies, and the CLR.